soil aeration

Soil aeration is the mechanism of improving the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and soil. Through soil microbial activity and plant root respiration, certain gases such as oxygen will be depleted in the soil, while others, such as carbon dioxide, will build up in the soil. Lack of oxygen in the soil can impact plant growth. In addition to allowing the exchange of gases, soil aeration allows for water drainage and root growth. A common contributor to lack of soil aeration is soil compaction.

Aerated grass on a baseball field in New York City.

Plug/core lawn aerator.