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gaseous plant hormone that triggers fruit ripening and plant senescence.

ethylene (Wikipedia)

Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Ethene
Systematic IUPAC name
Ethene
Other names
Refrigerant R-1150
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1730731
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.742 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 200-815-3
214
KEGG
RTECS number
  • KU5340000
UNII
UN number 1962 1038
  • InChI=1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2 checkY
    Key: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2
    Key: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYAE
  • C=C
Properties
C
2
H
4
Molar mass 28.054 g·mol−1
Appearance colourless gas
Density 1.178 kg/m3 at 15 °C, gas
Melting point −169.2 °C (−272.6 °F; 104.0 K)
Boiling point −103.7 °C (−154.7 °F; 169.5 K)
131 mg/L (25 °C); 2.9 mg/L
Solubility in ethanol 4.22 mg/L
Solubility in diethyl ether good
Acidity (pKa) 44
Conjugate acid Ethenium
-15.30·10−6 cm3/mol
Viscosity 10.28 μPa·s
Structure
D2h
zero
Thermochemistry
219.32 J·K−1·mol−1
+52.47 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS07: Exclamation mark
Danger
H220, H336
P210, P261, P271, P304+P340, P312, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
4
2
Flash point −136 °C (−213 °F; 137 K)
542.8 °C (1,009.0 °F; 815.9 K)
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0475
Related compounds
Related compounds
Ethane
Acetylene
Propene
Supplementary data page
Ethylene (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 150 million tonnes in 2016) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polythene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.

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